Control Valve Basics

Control Valve

 What is a control valve

A control valve is an instrument that regulates the flow of fluids (oil, water, or gases) as the valve position is changed by moving the stem with help of an actuator.
This actuator may be a motor of a pneumatic or hydraulic jack.
 The control valve is the most commonly used final control equipment in the control loop of an industrial process.
The control valve receives a control signal as input from plc or DCS, a controller is used to compare the setpoint and control valve actual position and then decides to open or close the valve according to match the set point.

Classes of  Control Valve on the base of motion

Two main types of valves are according to the motion of the stem.

1. Linear motion 

2. Rotary motion

1. Linear motion 

Linear motion is a movement of valve stem up and down, a common type of linear motion control valve is the Gate valve.

2. Rotary motion

 A rotary motion valve moves or rotates at an angle usually 90 degrees, common type of rotary motion valve is a Butterfly valve.

Parts of control valve

Control valves are made up of the following main parts.




1. actuator
2. Body
3. Bonnet
4. Stem
5. Seat
6. Packing

1. actuator

  An actuator is a device that is used to move or operate something.
In the case of a control valve, the actuator is a part of a valve that is used to move the valve through a stem.
Actuators used in the control valve are mostly of three types.

a. Electrical actuator
b. Pneumatic actuator
c. Hydraulic actuator

a. Electrical actuator

These are actuators that drive through electrical energy, for example, a motor.



b. Pneumatic actuator

Pneumatic actuators are operated through pneumatic or compressed air by using a pneumatic cylinder.

Following is a linear motion pneumatic actuator.



Following is a rotary motion pneumatic actuator.



c. Hydraulic actuator

Hydraulic actuators are driven through hydraulic energy using a hydraulic cylinder.




2. Body

The valve body is a part of the control valve that allows transmission of flow.
 Depending upon the applications of the valve, the valve body may be of a different type.



3. Bonnet

A bonnet is a cover on the valve body. Bonnets are available in many designs. Bonnet is usually a forged or cast part.

4. Stem

This is a part connecting between the actuator and valve body plug

5. Seat

This a part of the valve where the plug rests to stop the flow of fluid.

6. Packing

This is used to avoid leakage of fluid outside the valve.

Types of control valves according to working

On-off services:

Gate valve, Ball valve, Diaphragm valve, Plug valve, Butterfly valves are classified as an on-off servicing valve.

Throttling services

Globe valve, Butterfly valve, Diaphragm valve, pinch valve are classified as a throttling valve

Non-return

Check valves are also classified as a non-return valves.

Control Valve fail-safe modes


 The positions a control valve will move in case of power supply or control signal failure is called fails safe mode.
In case the electric supply fails the pneumatic and hydraulic valves have any one of the two fail-safe modes. The fail-safe mode position depends upon the process and application requirements.

 Fail open safe mode

 The actuator moves the valve to close in case of a failure, this movement is usually done with the help of a spring inside the pneumatic actuator.

 Fail close safe mode

The actuator moves the valve to open in case of a failure, this movement is usually done with the help of a spring inside the pneumatic actuator.


Comments

  1. JOHN MULINDI27 January 2021 at 13:10

    Well explained. As an instrument engineer, knowing about control valves helps your work in the industry.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Jagan Mohan Rao9 February 2021 at 14:40

    Very good article with lot of information, thanks for knowledge sharing.

    ReplyDelete
  3. creative eee17 February 2021 at 08:03

    thanks

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Top 50 Instrumentation Interview Questions

 Instrumentation Interview Questions and Answers Instrumentation Interview Questions and Answers There are different questions that you can be asked in an interview for the post of instrument technician, instrumentation engineer, or instrument supervisor. Most interview questions are related to the industry you are going to apply to, and they prefer a skilled person and have a good knowledge of instruments used in that specific industry. Here I will try to write the question with answers that are mostly asked for instrumentation professionals. Q. No. 1:  What is instrumentation? Ans :  Instrumentation is a branch of science which deals with the measurement and control of process variables in a process. Q. No. 2  What is the process? Ans :  The process is defined as the adoption of series of steps or methods to acquire a predefined result. Q. No. 3  What is a process variable? Ans :  It is a variable in the process that we are attempting to maintain...
Read more

Radar level measurement

Image
 Radar Level  Radar level transmitter are used to measure level in industrial applications. Radar level measurement method is an advanced method. In radar level transmitter time of flight method is used to measure the level. By calculating this time of flight we measure the level of liquid or solids.  RADAR level have a transmitter which transmit microwave or radar waves after colliding with material they return back to the receiver.  The time from the transmitter to the echo return to the receiver, is calculated, which is proportional to the level. This time is calculated by the formula:  Distance = (Speed of light x time delay) / 2 This calculation is done by a built in microprocessor and the level is displayed on screen or lcd, a signal proportional to level in 4 to 20 mA is output of level transmitter , this standard current signal of 4 to 20 mA is for plc or dcs. Time of Flight technology  Time of flight technology is used in  devices that are mu...
Read more